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Poor brushing of the teeth results in an inflammation of the gums, a condition known as gingivitis. The presence of microbial plaque causes this inflammation, which is usually manifested by red, swollen and bleeding gums. If proper oral hygiene is practiced at home (proper brushing technique and interdental cleaning) and if plaque is removed regularly, the gums can become healthy again within a few weeks. Early diagnosis and treatment of gingivitis is important for oral health and the prevention of periodontitis.

Treatment of gingivitis includes:

• Oral hygiene instructions
• Supragingival cleaning
• Evaluation
• Supportive periodontal care

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by microorganisms that leads to the destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the bone. It can result in tooth loss and is also related to other health problems. About 40% of population suffer from periodontitis. Among adults, it is estimated that approximately 70% of tooth loss is caused by periodontitis. Periodontitis always begins with inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis. For many people, the loss of tooth support is a process that develops over many years. However, some young adults have a very aggressive form of the disease that leads to problems much earlier. The good news is that – if diagnosed and treated early – this process can be stopped and periodontal health can be restored.

Treatment of periodontitis includes:

• Oral hygiene instructions
• Supragingival and subgingival cleaning
• Evaluation
• Surgical treatment 
• Supportive periodontal care

Peri-implantitis is an inflammation of the mucosa and loss of the bone around implants. It is important to note that peri-implantitis progresses much faster than periodontitis and is also much more difficult to treat. 

Having periodontitis increases the risk of complications with dental implants. For this reason, not only must a patient be free of periodontitis before an implant can be placed, but they also need to keep their gums and natural teeth healthy to avoid any recurrence of the disease. Early diagnosis is very important to restore the health of the tissues around the implants and of course to preserve them in the mouth.

Recession is the receding of the gums which results in exposing the roots of the teeth. The etiology of recessions is multifactorial and may be due to inflammation of the gums and periodontitis, traumatic brushing or the inclination and position of the teeth. Often times, recessions can be observed after the end of orthodontic treatment.

Recessions can result in over-sensitivity of the teeth to thermal stimuli (e.g. to the cold), root caries, poor performance of oral hygiene due to pain and of course create an aesthetic problem for the patient.

It is important that once detected by the patient or his dentist, the situation is evaluated in order to remove, if possible, the causative factors and if someone wishes to cover the root with various techniques, including the use of grafts from another part of the mouth.

Dental implants can replace teeth that have been lost and are often the preferred solution over fixed and removable dental prostheses. There is now a large body of literature regarding implants, the materials used, and the installation protocols.

Periodontitis increases the risk of complications for dental implants. For this reason, not only must a patient be free of periodontitis before an implant is placed, but they must also keep their gums and natural teeth healthy to prevent any recurrence of the disease. In patients with periodontitis approximately 22% of implants develop peri-implantitis. Therefore, good oral hygiene at home and regular check-ups with the dentist or periodontist are essential.